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arrFiles=new Array();arrFiles[0]=new Array(1,"","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Username Password	sign in	forgot your password?	become a member The Syndicate of	Hospitals in Lebanon, working in partnership	with stakeholders, shall be the leader in	ensuring the provision of high quality health	care services and a complete continuum of care	to advance the health of the individuals in	Lebanon and the region. The Syndicate of	Hospitals in Lebanon is committed to promote	high quality health care by:	- Providing the state of the art standards to	ensure the provision of superior quality of	care.	A Hands-On Workshop on	“Quality Improvement through Accreditation” Dates: February	6-7th & February 21-22nd & February	26-27th 2007	March 6-7th & March 12-13th 2007	Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News Press Releases	Membership",15);arrFiles[1]=new Array(2,"faq/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership How to	become a member of the Syndicate of Hospitals? In order for a hospital	to become a member of the Syndicate of Hospitals, the	hospital representative is kindly asked to complete a	membership application and to send it back to the	syndicate with the requested documents. You can download the application form directly from	our website in the membership section or you can ask for	a copy from the syndicate administration office. Which hospitals are eligible for the Syndicate	membership? The syndicate	includes all private medical institutions	licensed to invest and meeting all the	conditions specified in the Labor Law, and in	the Decree No. 7993 of April 3, 1952 on the	organization of syndicates and in the internal	rules and regulations of the syndicate of	hospitals. Private Medical Institutions include: - Specialized hospitals - General/Acute care hospitals - Long term hospitals - Teaching hospitals On what basis the annual dues are determined for	each member hospital? Annual dues are determined by the size of the	organization. For detailed information regarding annual	dues, please contact the syndicate	administration office. Do board members represent all types of	hospitals? The	syndicate is run by a board consisting of twelve	members: -	Six members for hospitals that are classified	“type A” or its equivalent in the official	accreditation of the Ministry of Public Health. - Five members for hospitals with other	classification types. - One member for long term hospitals.",10);arrFiles[2]=new Array(3,"contact/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon	Ghazal Building 7th floor	Adlieh Beirut – Lebanon	Tel: +961 1 616 772 / 3/ 4 +961 1 611 011	Fax: ext 102	e-mail: hospsynd@inco.com.lb	P.O. Box : 165-662 Lebanon نقابة المستشفيات في لبنان	بيروت - العدلية - بناية الغزال	الطابق السابع - ص.ب 662 - 165	هاتف : 4/3/616772 - 611011	فاكس : 4/3/616772 - 611011 مقسم 102	Syndicat des Hôpitaux du Liban	Beyrouth - Adlieh - Imm. Ghazal	7ème Etage - B.P : 662 - 165	Tél : 616772/3/4 - 611011	Fax : 616772/3/4 - 611011 ext 102 We like to hear your	comments or questions!	Kindly complete your contact information and your comments or questions	then click on the SUBMIT button.	Be sure to check that your e-mail address is correct if we are to	respond. Full Name: *	Title:	Organization: * Phone: * Country: *	Email: *	Comments:   *= required	fields",9);arrFiles[3]=new Array(4,"about/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate Of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership - Vision - Mission - Organizational Values	- Strategic Goals	- Background of the Syndicate	- Board and Administration	- Organigram	- Activities of the Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon Vision:	The Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon, working in partnership with	stakeholders, shall be the leader in ensuring the provision of high	quality health care services and a complete continuum of care to advance	the health of the individuals in Lebanon and the region. Mission: The Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon is committed to promote	high quality health care by: ▪ Providing the state of the art	standards to ensure the provision of superior quality of care. ▪ Ensure the provision of accessible	care to all individuals ▪ Enhancement of coordination among	all its members. ▪ Dissemination of authoritative	information for use by health care professionals, patients, and consumers. ▪ Encourage evidence-based research	to direct hospitals towards best practice	Organizational Values:	The Syndicate’s organizational values serve as the basis of our vision	for the future and guide our strategic direction. These values describe	the manner in which the Syndicate wishes to be seen, shapes the way	members fulfill their responsibilities and finally guides the	decision-making in determining priorities and resource allocation to	meet people’s health needs.	These values include: ▪ Professional Ethics: To expect	members and inherently hospitals to practice professionally and ethically with colleagues and patients	and ultimately demonstrate respect for human life ▪ Continuous Quality Improvement :	Strive to continuously improve the quality of healthcare provided by maintaining adherence to designated	standards and encouragement of ‘best practices’ in all hospitals ▪ Open Communication/Dialogue: The	Syndicate openly communicates decisions, activities, obstacles and plans to other stakeholders	and to the public to maintain a level of transparency. ▪ Multidisciplinary team work: To	work with multidisciplinary teams based on mutual trust and valuable transfer of knowledge and expertise. ▪ Commitment to Strategic Direction:	To achieve and maintain the commitment of all members in the Syndicate and the healthcare	community for the implementation of the Syndicate’s Strategic Plan.	Strategic Goals: ▪ Quality and Performance Improvement:	Improve quality and responsiveness of healthcare services and strengthen the role of the Syndicate in	promoting performance improvement. Ultimately to ensure the provision of quality healthcare to the Lebanese population. ▪ Partnership Working: Promote and develop	local, regional and international partnership, including but not limited to universities, Health	Organizations and the MOPH, as well as collaborative efforts with providers to optimize	the use of scarce resources and maintain continuous knowledge transfer to improve health status in the region. Provide a model to initiate, promote	and support collaborative efforts with other government and non-government organizations that work towards improving hospitalization services in Lebanon ▪ Organization and Management: Ensure the	appropriate organizational structure of the Syndicate is in place to implement the Strategic Plan. Strengthen competencies and capabilities as well as resources to provide	a sustainable environment for progress and success. ▪ Education, Research and Development:	Strengthen education, research and development, in partnership with other agencies to focus on health	services research. Research findings will be used to improve the quality and	delivery of healthcare services.	Background of the Syndicate	The inspiration to create an association to cater to both hospitals \' and	patients’ demands originated during a meeting between Dr. Wahib Nini,	Dr. Adnan Haidar, Dr. Faouzi Adaimi, and Dr. Mustapha Khalidy. Soon	after this association was initiated, the number of members increased,	under the guidance of Dr. Wahib Nini, with a growing need for a larger,	more comprehensive and independent organization. As a result, a founding	committee congregated representatives and owners of the Lebanese private	hospitals.	The Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon was established on November 15th,	1965, as the official representative of all private hospitals through	the Ministerial decree 1/523.	The first Administrative Council was elected on January 8th, 1966, with	Dr. Toufic Rizk (owner of Rizk Hospital) as the first President of the	Syndicate who was re-elected two years later. His successor Dr. Adnan	Haidar (owner of Haidar Hospital) remained President until 1983, the	year of Dr. Faouzi Adaimi’s (owner of Notre-Dame du Liban Hospital)	election.	Dr. Adaimi remained president until Mr. Suleiman Haroun’s election in	2003.	The Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon combines 157 private hospitals	(138 short and medium stay and 19 long stay) and is considered to be the	official and basic negotiator with the public and private	administrations, organizations and institutions in the health care	sector.	The Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon is itself a member of many	organizations, federations, committees and councils.	The Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon is a: ▪ Founding member of the Arab Hospital	Federation. ▪ Founding member of the National	Committee for Health Tourism. ▪ Member of the UIHP (International Union	of Private Hospitalization-Paris). ▪ Member of the IHF (International	Hospital Federation - London). ▪ Member of the Superior National Health	Council. ▪ Member of the National Economic and	Social Council. ▪ Member of the following joint	committees: ▪ With the Ministry of Public Health: - Classification of hospitals committee - Implementation of conventions committee - National committee for health emergencies ▪ With the National Social Security Fund: - High medical advisory committee - Hospitalization committee	▪ With the Cooperative of	Civil Servants: - Implementation of conventions committee ▪ In addition to participation in	committees with the: - Order of Physicians. - Federation of Nursing Associations. - Association of Insurance companies.	Board and Administration:	The General Assembly, which is composed of all the members, elects	periodically an Administrative Council composed of 12 members to act as	the governing body of the Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon. From within	its members, the Administrative Council elects an Executive Committee	composed of the President, the Vice-President, the Secretary and the	Treasurer. There are also Standing Committees for: ▪ Legal studies and hospital ethics. ▪ Financial, economic and statistical	studies. ▪ Information and scientific affairs. ▪ Professional medical and paramedical	staff. ▪ Hospitals for long stay. The Syndicate of Hospitals also comprises	an Administration body, a Legal Counselor, a Media Consultant and a	Research and development Coordinator	Organigram	Activities of the Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon: ▪ Holds a yearly Health and	Hospitalization Congress in order to promote scientific, academic and technologic development, and to provide information on health to the public. ▪ Organizes meetings on health in	collaboration with all concerned local, Arab, regional and international syndicates, orders, associations and organizations. ▪ Sets criteria for classification,	assessment and accreditation of hospitals and hospitalization tarrification in collaboration with the Ministry of	Health. ▪ Aims at standardization of the health	system by unifying the various public funds for health coverage, and providing of health insurance to all	citizens. ▪ Promotes the cooperative of hospitals in	order to reduce the cost of health care. ▪ Organizes continuing education sessions	to hospital personnel on various topics including Quality Assurance, Cost Analysis and Budgeting, Occupational Health and Safety and many others. ▪ Undertakes operational research studies	on the hospitalization sector in collaboration with universities and other stakeholders. ▪ Hosts student internships from the	American University of Beirut’s Faculty of Health Sciences Graduate Program. ▪ Addresses issues like the complaints of	citizens, hospital personnel, concerned institutions and organizations, and seeks solutions. ▪ Enhances adequate and efficient	cooperation and solidarity among hospitals. ▪ Participates in the international health	and hospitalization meetings and congresses. ▪ Gathers data on hospitals within the	scope of a National Hospitals Database creation, and carries out information analysis to support policy	developmentand track trends. ▪ Disseminates communications and	publications to keep members informed of the Syndicate activities and relevant information in their field. ▪ Publishes periodically the official	journal of the Syndicate that contains articles dealing with health care and hospitalization sector.",22);arrFiles[4]=new Array(5,"board/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate Of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership Board Members Mr Sleiman Haroun , President Haroun Hospital - Zalka Phone: 01 875053 897300 / 004, Fax: 893214 Dr Mohamad Abdallah , Vice-President Rayak Hospital - Rayak Phone: 08 901300, 08 901305, Fax: 900755 Mr Jospeh Otayek , Treasurer Hotel Dieu Hospital - Achrafieh Phone: 01 615400, 901305, Fax: 900755 Mr Maher Jamaleddine , Secretary General Sahel Hospital - Ghobeiri Phone: 01 858333, Fax: 01 840146 Mr Ziad Mounla , Member Mounla Hospital - Tripoli Phone: 06 600111/003, 06 210848, 01 345635, 01 750 640 Pr Michel Elian , Member ND Secours Hospital - Jbeil Phone: 09 944255, 944693, Fax: 944483 Mr Mohamad Hamandi , Member Makassed Hospital - Tarik Jdideh Phone: 01 646591/1/2/3/4, Fax: 646589 Sr Pauline Fares , Member	Sth Therese Hospital - Hadath	Phone: 05 463100, 466480/002, Fax: 466784 Mrs Viviane Sfeir , Member	ND Maritime Hospital - Jbeil Phone: 09 540017, Fax: 943342 Dr Mohamad Bachir , Member	Rassoul Azzam Hospital - Borj barajina	Phone: 01 452700/0019, Fax: 452720 Mr Mohamad Karaoui , Member	Bekaa Hospital - Taalabaya	Phone: 08 543150/002, Fax: 08 542404 Medical Ethics committee Mrs Roula Jbeily Jbeily Hospital,	Halalieh	Phone: 07 724779 721558, Fax: 731500 Mr Pierre Jalkh Eye and Ear Hospital,	Naccache	Phone: 04 521130..8, Fax: 521139 Dr Assad Charafeddine Ouyoun Hospital,	Aley	Phone: 01 346436 05 544449, Fax: 01 346108 أعضاء مجلس الادارة السيد سليمان هارون , الرئيس	هارون الزلقا	004/897300 – 875053/01 فاكس : 893214 الدكتور محمد العبدالله نائب رئيس	رياق رياق 901305 – 901300/08	فاكس : 900755 السيد جوزف عتيق أمين صندوق اوتيل ديو الاشرفية 615300 – 615400/01 فاكس : 615295 السيد ماهر جمال الدين أمين السر الساحل الغبيري 858333/01	فاكس : 840146 السيد زياد المنلا (عضو) و المنلا شارع المنلا - طرابلس 003/600111 – 210848/06 345635 – 750640/01 الاب ميشال اليان (عضو) و سيدة المعونات جبيل 944693 – 944255/09 فاكس : 944483 السيد محمد علي حمندي (عضو) و المقاصد الطريق الجديدة -	بيروت 4/3/2/1/646591/01 فاكس : 646589 الاخت بولين فارس (عضو) و القديسة تيريزيا الحدث 002/466480 – 463100/05 فاكس : 466784 السيدة فيفيان صفير (عضو) و	سيدة مارتين جبيل 540017/09 فاكس : 946642 الدكتور محمد بشير (عضو) و الرسول الاعظم برج البراجنة	0019/452700/01	فاكس : 452720 السيد محمد القرعاوي (عضو) و البقاع تعلبايا	002/543150/08 فاكس : 542404 لجنة	الآداب الاستشفائية السيدة رولا جبيلي الجبيلي الهلالية – صيدا 721558 – 724779/07	فاكس : 731500 السيد بيار جلخ العين والاذن النقاش 8/...521130/04 فاكس : 521139 الدكتور اسد شرف الدين العيون عاليه 554449/05 – 346436/01 فاكس : 346108/01",19);arrFiles[5]=new Array(6,"hospitals/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate Of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership This page will allow you to	find the appropriate hospital for you.	Our hospitals database is	updated regularly to provide you with the most accurate information.	You can search either by choosing the location from the list, or by	entering the name of the hospital you are looking for and	then click search button.	Search by Location	of Hospital Anywhere Beirut Bekaa Chouf/Aley Kesrouan/Jbeil Metn/Baabda North Lebanon South Lebanon	Search by Name of	Hospital",8);arrFiles[6]=new Array(7,"infohospitals/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership	Lebanese Government Sites ▪ Ministry of Public	Health	http://www.public-health.gov.lb ▪ Ministry of	Environment	http://www.moe.gov.lb ▪ Ministry of Economy	http://www.economy.gov.lb ▪ Ministry of Tourism	http://www.lebanon-tourism.gov.lb ▪ Ministry of Post and	Telecommunication	http://www.mpt.gov.lb Lebanese NGOs	and Research Centers ▪	National Council for Scientific Research	http://www.cnrs.edu.lb ▪ The Collective of	Lebanese Voluntary NGOs	http://www.collectif-ong.org.lb International	Organizations ▪ United Nations http://www.un.org ▪ United Nations	Development Programme	http://www.undp.org.lb ▪ World Health	Organization http://www.who.int ▪ The World Trade	Organization http://www.wto.org ▪ European Union	http://www.europa.eu.int ▪ Organization for	Economic Cooperation and Development	http://www.oecd.org ▪ International Hospital	Federation	http://www.hospitalmanagement.net ▪ American Association	for World Health	http://www.aawhworldhealth.org ▪ American Hospital	Association http://www.aha.org ▪ Joint Commission on	Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations	http://www.jcaho.org ▪ Fédération	Hospitalière de France http://www.fhf.fr ▪ Institut National de	la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale	http://www.inserm.fr ▪ Agence Nationale	d’Accréditation et d’Evaluation en Santé	http://www.anaes.fr ▪ Haute Autorité de Santé http://www.has-sante.fr ▪ Agency for Healthcare Research and	Qualit	http://www.ahrq.gov ▪ International Society for Quality in	Health Care http://www.iaqua.org.au ▪ InterRAI Corporation http://www.interrai.org ▪ National Committee for Quality	Assurance	http://www.ncqa.org ▪ National Quality Measures	Clearinghouse http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov ▪ Ontario Hospital Association	http://www.oha.com ▪ Quality Indicator Project http://www.qiproject.org ▪ The Australian Council on Healthcare	Standards http://www.achs.org.au ▪ Canadian Council on Health Services	Accreditation	http://www.cchsa.ca",16);arrFiles[7]=new Array(8,"Mouafakamoustanira.pdf","2007-03-14","(1)       /","","","  574    :    2002/9/25  8759   : .   .    2004  11   :     :   :   1       :      :      .   .   :        :    :  .         .    .             .  .            . .        .      .           :    .     .          .                .     : .      .        :       .     2     :      :     .         .         .         ...         :      .     .         .      :  .           .    .       :        .                .   .             .      :        .         :                  .    .                         .                 3      :       :  .             .      :      .      :  .    :       :           .  .     .           :  :   .            . Evolution  Antécédent :     .          :       .   61      :  .  .    :  *******************************  4    ",127);arrFiles[8]=new Array(9,"accred/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership	Quality care is the ultimate goal for the patient, the provider, the	organizational leader and the policy maker. Ensuring this quality of	care can be achieved through an approach known as accreditation that	measures conformity to standard and also provides educative and	consultative information to help reduce the system \'s inefficiencies and	achieve optimal use of resources. Not only has the demand for	accreditation increased around the world, but traditional accreditation	is being adapted to public agendas so that internal self-development in	hospitals is linked to external regulation.	In fact, the trend is gaining momentum and countries are moving from	certification and licensure towards developing National Accreditation	programs after reported success in the United States, Canada, Australia	and New Zealand. This is also attributed to the fact that accreditation	programs are consultative as well as educational, rather than being	punitive.	National accreditation systems are programs that aim to provide	accreditation services to primary care, community services, hospitals or	networks. These include statutory and voluntary bodies that offer	organizational development through external assessment of health	services by means of published service standards. In countries similar	to Lebanon, where accreditation is nationally mandated, single local programs are developed for uniform	accreditation of health services. This ensures credibility and	sustainability of the program.	Before adopting a specific accreditation program, countries perform a	situational analysis to define the constraints and enablers within their	system and design the program accordingly. In Lebanon the MOPH carried	out the pilot project over the span of 5 years and this has set the	groundwork to move ahead with the knowledge of successes and failures	for guidance. Hospital Accreditation in Lebanon	Accreditation is increasingly being used as a tool for government	regulation to guarantee quality of care.	Quality of care has recently become a major concern for policy makers in	Lebanon. Improving quality of care involves improvement in all the	components of delivery, including: structure, process, and outcome of	health care.	With the intention to improve the quality of care, control health	expenditures, and protect consumers in Lebanon, the MOPH developed and	implemented a new hospital accreditation policy in Lebanon, in	collaboration with the World Bank through the health sector	rehabilitation project (HSRP) to replace the old Alpha-Star rating	system. With the assistance of an Australian company, Overseas Project	Corporation of Victoria (OPCV), the MOPH developed an accreditation	manual for hospitals in Lebanon (Hospital Accreditation Manual and	Guidelines) containing multi-disciplinary standards of care. Phases of the accreditation system in Lebanon	The accreditation system adopted by the MOPH consisted of four phases: Phase One: Developing and Pilot	-Testing Standards & Procedures (2000-2001) Phase Two: First National Survey (2001-2002) Phase Three: Follow-up Audit and Standards Revision (2002-2003) Phase Four: Second National survey (2004 -2005) For more information regarding the	national hospital surveys, and for review of national standards and	guidelines, you are kindly requested to visit the “hospitals	accreditation” section of the Ministry of Public Health website:	http://www.public-health.gov.lb",9);arrFiles[9]=new Array(10,"workshop/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership A Hands-On Workshop on	“Quality Improvement through Accreditation” - Dates: February 6-7th & February 21-22nd & February 26-27th	2007 March 6-7th &	March 12-13th 2007 - Duration: 2 days; 8:30 am to 17:00 pm - Venue: Syndicate of Private Hospitals- Beirut Objective: To expose administrators, directors, middle managers and	officers, and health professional and staff in Lebanese hospitals to the	principles, practices and application of quality systems and management	in hospitals. Also, discussion will delve into the tools and mechanisms	for effective preparedness and implementation of accreditation	standards, action plans and how accreditation can create the opportunity	for bringing continuous quality improvement practices in hospitals.	Workshop discussion will assist in building a culture of quality	improvement in hospitals. At the end of the workshop, participants will be able to: ▪	Understand foundations of quality of care including the principles	and framework of continuous quality improvement ▪	Understand and apply all accreditation standards in Lebanon ▪	Apply knowledge about quality improvement tools in developing	designs and action plans to support quality improvements in their	organizations ▪	Implement successfully accreditation standards ▪	Maximize the benefits of accreditation in bringing long-lasting	quality improvements ▪	Develop an organization-wide quality improvement plan ▪	Understand how to develop measures, indicators, and targets for	quality improvement plans ▪	Practice the ‘How’ to select critical few indicators for quality	that are aligned with organization’s goals, business strategy and	customer requirements ▪	Identify and develop indicators, using a step-by-step approach ▪	Describe Accreditation surveyors’ expectations with respect to	standards ▪	Know how to communicate effectively with surveyors ▪	Understand how to organize, synthesize, interpret and present data	in order to translate it into information for better	decisions ▪	Explain the data-to-action cycle in quality improvement processes ▪	Benefit from the illustrative examples and exercises Development of	the Training Module Dr. Fadi El-Jardali - American University of Beirut Facilitator and Presenter Dr. Fadi El-Jardali – American University of Beirut Presenter Dr. Kassem Kassak – American University of Beirut Who should attend Directors, hospital administrators; quality managers and	officers; middle managers; human resources managers, safety officers,	accreditation committee members, team leaders, team members, and	individuals responsible for accreditation. In addition to those who are	interested in bringing long-lasting quality improvement practices in	their organization through accreditation. Methodology ▪	Presentations / lectures ▪	Built-in Group exercises ▪	Case studies and Group Discussion The workshop	is open to no more than 30 participants. Booklets	A booklet will be provided to each participant, which includes	presentations, case studies and exercises, and relevant material. This	booklet is provided in an e-copy to all participants. Registration Fee	150 for each participant for a 2 days workshop Download Scientific Program by clicking here .	Download Application sheet by clicking here .",13);arrFiles[10]=new Array(11,"news/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership Mar. 9, 2007 Special issue on Hospitalization sector in Al-Nahar Newspaper Special issue on Hospitalization sector in Al-Nahar Newspaper Mar. 9, 2007 Election of the Syndicate board members Election of the Syndicate board members Mar. 9, 2007 Syndicate of Hospitals launches its new website Visit www.syndicateofhospitals.org.lb and know more about the syndicate of hospitals in Lebanon",8);arrFiles[11]=new Array(12,"publication/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership	Hygene ▪ Hazardous Medical	Wastes by Dr. Hanna Bou Habib 112 kb, PDF format Environment ▪ Water Pollution &	Treament by: Usama Mugharbil 37 kb, PDF format Health ▪ Models in Health	Tourism , by: Bassam E. Nakad 26 kb, PDF format",7);arrFiles[12]=new Array(13,"membership/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate Of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership If you	are already a member, please use your account to sign in below: User Name Password Forgot your password? Click here to	retrieve it. Become a member. Thank you for your interest in becoming a member of the	Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon. To request membership information,	please download the application	sheet: (PDF format 2.2 Mb) and send it back to the syndicate	with the requested documents.",9);arrFiles[13]=new Array(14,"press/index.asp","2001-01-01","Syndicate Of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership	لقاءات – ورش عمل – ندوات – مؤتمرات ▪ تاريخ 16/12/2006 اللقاء الثالث لنقابة المستشفيات حول خطة الطوارىء	( النهار – الانوار – صدى البلد – السفير ) بتاريخ 6/7/2006 ورشة ادارة النفايات الصحية	(النهار – الانوار – البلد – المستقبل – الديار – Orient le Jour) بتاريخ 21/4/2006 ندوة تدريبية لنقابة المستشفيات حول نظام الاعتماد	( النهار – الديار – الانوار – السفير – المستقبل – البلد – Orient	le Jour) بتاريخ 25/2/2006 ورشة عمل لنقابة المستشفيات عن الاعتماد المطبق	( النهار – الانوار – السفير – الديار – المستقبل – البلد – Orient	le Jour)	زيارات المسؤولين ▪ تاريخ 1 تشرين الثاني 2006 زيارة وزير الاقتصاد والتجارة	(الانوار – السفير – صدى البلد – النهار – المستقبل) تاريخ 7/10/2006 زيارة وزير الداخلية والبلديات بالوكالة احمد فتفت	(البلد – المستقبل – الديار – السفير) تاريخ 28/4/2006 وزير الصحة يلتقي نقابة المستشفيات	(الانوار – النهار – السفير – البلد – الديار – Orient le Jour) تاريخ 23/2/2006 زيارة نقابة المستشفيات لرئيس الحكومة فؤاد السنيورة	(النهار – السفير – الانوار – المستقبل) تاريخ 21/2/2006 زيارة نقابة المستشفيات وزير الاقتصاد والتجارة سامي حداد	(الديار – المستقبل – الانوار –السفير – النهار ) الضمان ▪ تاريخ 18/10/2006 تعليق تنفيذ الاضراب بعد اقرار الضمان دفع 50 مليار ليرة من اصل	المستحقات	(النهار – السفير – الانوار – البلد) تاريخ 7/10/2006 الضمان يبحث عن آلية تسديد سلفة ال50 مليار ليرة للمستشفيات	(الانوار) تاريخ 27/9/2006 تحذير من توقف المستشفيات عن قبول موافقات مرضى الضمان	(النهار – الديار – البلد – السفير – المستقبل – الانوار – Orient	le Jour ( تعاونية موظفي الدولة ▪ تاريخ 22/3/2006 ( الانوار – الديار – السفير – النهار ) ديون ▪ تاريخ 29/6/2006 نقابة المستشفيات طالبت بديونها	(الانوار – الديار – النهار – السفير – البلد – المستقبل – Orient	le Jour)	تعرفة ▪ تاريخ 29/4/2006 هارون خفض التعرفة في منتهى الغباء	(الانوار – النهار – الديار – السفير – المستقبل – Orient le Jour) بيانات متفرقة ▪	حرب تموز 2006 وتداعياتها على المستشفيات تاريخ 24/8/2006 المستشفيات تطالب بتخصيصها بجزء من الهبات	( النهار – السفير – الديار – Orient le Jour – الانوار – المستقبل	– البلد) تاريخ 5/8/2006 المستشفيات تطالب بالمازوت	( النهار – الديار – السفير – الانوار – البلد – Orient le Jour) تاريخ 21/7/2006 المستشفيات تطالب مستوردي الادوية بتأمين ما يلزم بدون اي كلفة	اضافية	( البلد – المستقبل – النهار – Orient le Jour)",22);arrFiles[14]=new Array(15,"news/news_details.asp?press_id=64","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership Mar. 9, 2007 [Syndicate of Hospitals launches its new website] Visit www.syndicateofhospitals.org.lb and know more about the syndicate of hospitals in Lebanon",7);arrFiles[15]=new Array(16,"news/news_details.asp?press_id=86","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership Mar. 9, 2007 [Election of the Syndicate board members] First electoral session on Tuesday April 03, 2007 Second Electoral session on Tuesday April 10, 2007",7);arrFiles[16]=new Array(17,"news/news_details.asp?press_id=87","2001-01-01","Syndicate of Hospitals in Lebanon","","","Hospitals	Board Members	Information for Hospitals	Accreditation	Publications	Workshop	News	Press Releases	Membership Mar. 9, 2007 [Special issue on Hospitalization sector in Al-Nahar Newspaper] The Syndicate of Hospitals is preparing a special issue on hospitalization sector in Lebanon in collaboration with Al-Nahar newspaper. Issuance date: end of March 2007",7);arrFiles[17]=new Array(18,"publication/Hygene.pdf","2007-03-02","Hygene.pdf","","","                   .            .    :   .   80 :    .  :  .    20              95   ... .     .    ...    .        .      .              5   .      .  1200            .  800   . .     .     .   .                 :   : 3   )        .   .  1200     (  95        .                . 1/8  .     .                  1200   .      ( seconds Residence time 2 )                   .   .  :             1/8       . 14      :            .      .         .    .      10             :   .   .    .     :         .  .     .     .     (  )          .     :           :  .      .       :  .(     )           .          1200                .(  )        .  .              4      :  14           .       .      .      .     400  280      .    ( :)    1200      800  .     .    ",114);arrFiles[18]=new Array(19,"imgs-syn/Scientific%20Program.pdf","2007-03-05","Continuous Quality Improvement in Health Care: Part 2","","","Quality Improvement through Accreditation Two Day Hands-On Workshop     DAY 1  08:30 - 09:00 Welcome and Introduction Opening Address from Mr. Sleiman Haroun Review participant objectives & expectations Quality Systems in Hospitals: Theory & Practice · Defining Quality Concepts o Culture of Quality o Quality Systems · Quality Improvement (QI) o Definition o Principles including customer satisfaction o Continuous Quality Improvement · The Role of Accreditation in Quality Improvement o Definition o Benefits and Effectiveness of Accreditation · The Power of Standards o Definition o Benefits of successful implementation of Standards 10:30 - 10:45 10:45 - 11:15 Morning Break Exercise and Application o How to read and apply standards In Lebanese hospitals o How to fill-in templates -1    :   · o  o  · o  o    o  ·  o  o    ·  o  o    o    o  09:00 - 10:30    11:15 ­ 13:00 Quality Improvement: Approach, Methods, Tools PDCA Model, Application and Examples Exercise #1 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch  : (­­ ­) PDCA   1  :     ·     )  · (   14:00 ­ 15:15 Quality Improvement: Approach, Methods, Tools (Continued) · Brainstorming, Fishbone, Pareto, Control Charts, Check Sheet, Run Diagram, Flowcharting · How to develop a Quality Improvement Plan (examples from Lebanon and the region) · How to Develop and fill-in an Action Plan (examples from Lebanon and the region) · Difference between hospital strategic plan and quality improvement plan, and how a quality plan can be aligned with hospital strategic plan (illustrative examples) 15:15 - 15:45 15:45 - 16:00 Exercise #2: Fishbone application Afternoon Break  )   ·    ·      ( )    : 2   : 3     16:00 ­ 16:45 Exercise #3: Quality Improvement Action Plan application 16:45 ­ 17:00 Wrap-up of Day 1  -2-    Day 2  08:30 - 08:45 08:45 - 10:30 Summary of Day 1 and plan for Day 2 Performance Indicator Measurement for Quality Improvement and Accreditation · Role, Benefits and Use of Performance Indicators in Lebanese Hospitals · Exercise # 4 Morning Break Development of Measures and Indicators for Quality Improvement · What is a measure, indicator (including types) and target · Guide for selecting critical indicators for Quality Improvement · Step-by-step guide to develop measures and indicators for Quality Improvement Lunch Development of Measures and Indicators for Quality Improvement (Continued) · Application Exercise # 5 · Group Reporting and Discussion Break Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting · How to organize, interpret and present data · Data-to-Action cycle in Quality Improvement The Road Back Home / Wrap-up       · 4 ·    10:30 - 10:45 10:45 - 12:45   ()  ·  ·   ·  ()   12:45 - 13:45 13:45 - 15:00  5 ·  ·     ·   ·   15:00 ­ 15:15 15:15 - 16:30  16:30 - 17:00  -3-    ",208);arrFiles[19]=new Array(20,"publication/environment.pdf","2007-03-02","Water Pollution & Treatment","","","Water Pollution & Treatment INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW  Water pollution is a major global problem particularly in the world, where the facilities for proper hygienic conditions are poor, where the sewage pipe lines in the absence of proper monitoring surveys. Water quality has been a vigorous research area since water is an important vehicle for the transmission of various microorganisms, notably parasites, bacteria and viruses. Thus, water treatment projects were indicated to improve its quality using various means including physical and chemical methods of disinfection including in chlorine compounds such as hypochlorites, chlorine dioxide, and inorganic chloramines. Chlorine was widely used as a disinfectant by Semmelweis in 1846. In 1881, Koch demonstrated the bactericidal activity of disinfectants since they are economical, nonpoisonous, easily manipulated, deodorized, and last but not least, is their strong germicidal power (Lesser, 1949). Chlorine can exist either as free or combined form. The free from includes chlorine. (HOCL and OCL). The combined is present in the form of nitrogenous compounds to form chloramines. Chlorine demand is the difference between applied and remaining chlorine. The free residual chlorine concentration is related to super-chlorination beyond the needed level to assure a safety limit for any sign of presence of microorganisms. Chlorine in water exhibits the following series of reactions: CI  HOCL + = HO  = H  +  HOCL+ + CI  + OCI   Hypochlorous acid (HOCL) Is a week acid; thus at low pH values HOCL will dominate in solutions, while at high pH values Hypochlorite ion (HOCL-) will dominate. It was recognized in several studies that the disinfecting efficiency of chlorine decreases in pH and vice versa (Weidenkopf 1985 and Clark 1956). At pH = 6.98% of CI was in the HOCI form and 2% as OCI- Chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent capable of reaction quickly with Fe+2 Mn +2, No2, H2S and organic materials. The oxidizing property explains the mechanism by which chlorines assure their action (Knox 1958 and Friberg 1957). Several factors assure the stability of chlorine solutions which include a low concentration, high alkalinity, free of catalysts (CO, Cu, Ni), low temperature and strage and absence of organic materials (Chlorine Bleach Solution 1957). The biocidal activity of chlorine is affected by several variables including pH, concentration of chlorine and temperature. Rudolph (1941) showed that at a concentration of 25 ppm, 99% of Bacillus spores are killed in 2.5 minutes at pH = 7. Mercer in 1957 showed that 15 ppm hypochlorite kills 99% of bacillus spores at pH = 6 in 8.5 minutes. In 1941 Rudolph showed that increasing HOCI concentration 4 times will lead 50% reduction in killing time while a 2 fold increase in concentration will increase reduction by 30%. Weber (1944) showed that an increase in temperature of 10°C leads to 50-60% reduction in killing time.    The main pollution of water is fecal and, therefore, E. coli was considered as a determinant of fecal pollution as recommended by WHO standard guidelines for drinking water quality. Among the first reports done on biocidal effect of free residual concentration on E. coli was that of Butterfield who showed that at pH = 7, 0.05 ppm of residual chlorine can kill completely in 1 minute at ambient temperature 2 x 105 microorganism. E. coli was also considered as an indicator organism for viral pollution (Craun and McCaken 1973) taking into account that viruses were the main cause of epidemics (HAV, NANBV, polio) (Dennis 1959 and Wong 1980). However, resistant organisms to chlorination were still present despite the death of E. Coli. This is why it was found that the validity of fecal coliforms, total coliforms and fecal streptococci as indicator organism are highly questionable and does not assure viral absence (Berg 1978). Viral outbreaks are believed to occur at higher rates than what reports present. This is attributed to difficulties in viral diagnosis and detection. Several studies showed a minimal infection dose (MID) of around 205 for the polio virus (Kate and Plolkin 1967, Akin 1983). However 1 PFU (Plaque forming unit) is believed to cause disease in susceptible individuals. However from a practical point of view, a microbiological cost study showed that an enteric virus test costs 300  compared to 2.34  for a total plate count and 2.75  for a total coliform test (Geldreich and Kennedy 1978). Therefore; other indicator organisms have been searched for and proposed to ensure complete viral disinfection. The indicator organism should be present wherever pathogenic organisms are present in similar or higher numbers and should be at least as resistant to treatment processes as well as detectable by practical techniques (Englebrecht 1980). Grabon in 1980 found that acid fast bacteria are exceptionally resistant organisms and their absence after chlorination stage ensure the inactivation of vegetative bacteria and viruses, while P. aeruginosa is relatively resistant. However, Candida albicans displayed no indicative value. Viruses usually show resistant to chlorine about 10 times greater that of enteric bacteria. Petson et al on 1983 showed that 2 ­ 2.5 mg. Of free residual chlorine per liter destroyed the infectivity of HAV completely while a report in 1979 showed that disinfection of drinking water required 1.0mg. of FRC per liter for at least 3 minutes at water pH values of less than 8.0 to ensure inactivation. In 1983 Grabon et al showed that if a mixture of HAV and other indicator organisms are present, free residual chlorine of 1-2 mg./1 for 1-2 hours at pH less that 8 should be maintained to ensure disinfection. Englebrecht et al showed in 1980 that at a pH of 6 less time is needed for the inactivation of viruses having coxakie B virus to need a free residual concentration of 0.51-2.52 mg/1 for 3.5 minutes. Of course, these studies show higher resistance of viruses than coliforms. A study done by Brazis et al shows that Bacillus anthrasis are killed at a free residual concentration of 2.4 ppm in 120 minutes at room temperature and pH = 7.2. spores are the most resistant of all organisms, and studies on Chlostridium and Bacillus spores have shown that they should be used as indicator organism of completye disinfection of treated water since they are present in large numbers in sewage (Bisson and Cabelli 1980). In 1988 Sally Zierler et la have proved a strong correlation between drinking the chlorinated Mississippi River water and urinary badder cancer among the residence of Massachussetts, due to the formation of trihallomethanes (THMs) enhances by Chlorine reactability with the organic substances present present in the water. Zierle states that the concentration of THMs in the disinfected Mississippi River water amounted 4 ug/1 compared to 1 ug/1 in undisinfected water.    The issue relates to our water quality. The question to be asked is whether our water is safe to drink especially in our present chaotic situation. We suppose it is not since we are not sure of the complete control of the microorganisms. The second question relates to the high concentration of the chlorine residual and its inactivation by soloar radiation; as well as to find alternatives such as solar energy and its evaluation for complete inactivation of free residual chlorine after complete water disinfection. This is highly recommended especially after the associated urinary bladder cancer with the chlorine. A big investigation is needed for proper evaluation of the situation of our present drinking water quality and conditions.  MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Materials  For testing the sporocidal activity of disinfectants, soil extract nutrient broth was used after filtration and was dispensed in 10 ml portions into 25 x 150 mm tubes and autoclaved for 20 minutes at 121°C. This broth was used to propagate test cultures of Bacillus subtilis. Nutrient agar was used in the form of slants to maintain stock culture of Bacilli. Modified fluid thioglycolate medium to subculture spore exposed to 2.5 NHCL. The organism tested for was Bacillus subtilis. Dilute hydrochloric acid 2.5 N was used to determine the resistance of dried spores. Suture loop carriers were prepared from spool of size 3 surgical silk suture (Ethicon) in a way providing 65 mm of suture in a 2 ­ loop coil that can be conveniently handed in ordinary aseptic transfer procedures. The loops were extracted and placed in HCL, rinced with water and dried. For the determination of free residual chlorine, we used a commercial visual comparator thenique using a commercial N, N-paraphenediamine (DPD)as a reagent. The disinfectant used was a commercial sodium hypochlorite solution. For testing the germicidal activity of sunlight, series of dilutions of E. coli colonies were prepared by dissolving respectively 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 colonies in 100 ml of distilled water. Mac Conkey agar was used to culture the prepared dilutions.  B. Techniques and methods  Bacilli were grown in soil extract nutrient broth. Three tubes were inoculated using one loop stock culture and incubated for 72 hours at 37°C. the 72 hour culture was poured into a tissue grinder and macerated to break up the pellicile and was filtered through a sterile funnel. We placed 10 suture loops in each of the three tubes. Four contaminated loops were transferred into a thioglycolate medium to serve as a viability control. After 2, 5, 10 and 20 minutes individual loops were transferred into substance media and incubated for 21 days at 37°C.    The ml of a serial dilution preparation of 5,25% sodium hypochlorite solution into 6 x 150 mm tubes. 5 suture loops were placed in the sex tubes leaving a 2 minute interval for seeding each tube. Then, loops were removed from disinfectant and were transferred into a fresh tube of thioglycolate medium and incubated for 21 days at 37°C. Results were reported as growth or no growth. Further information is present in the AOAC official methods of analysis. The free residual chlorine was determined for tubes showing no growth. A time study was done to study the effect of sunlight on the residual chlorine inactivation. Another group of Bacillus subtilis spores was inoculated into transparent noncolored glass bottles, and were exposed to sunlight for 1 hour, 2, 3, 12 and then for 24 hours, and were afterwards subscultured and incubated for 21 days at 37°C for any further growth. Series of E. coli dilutions were exposed to sunlight for 1 hour, 2, 3, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively for 24 hours at 37°C. Bacillus subtilis and E. coli in high concentrations were exposed also to sunlight to study the solar effect on their growth showed a complete disinfection of spores after a one minute exposure using a 0.34 N NaOCL, but due to the high alkalinity of the solution, a diluted 0.6 x 10 N solution was used. Spores were exposed to sunlight using various dilutions and time of exposure. N.B. All experiments were repeated 5 times. C. Results None of the Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to sunlight, irrespective of the concentration of colonies and irrespective of time of exposure, were killed. Only low concentration preparations of E. coli colonies, i.e. up to 10 colonies/100 ml revieled no growth after a 1 hour exposure to sunlight. Therefore, solar radiation cannot ensure complete disinfection of all biological agents that may cause waterborn infections. However, a diluted 0.6 x 10 N solution was insured a complete destruction of the bacteria after a two hour exposure. Free residual chlorine was determined, and the results showed that it was all eliminated after 1 hour of exposure sunlight.  DISCUSSION  Since low coliform count can be affected by sunlight while high concentrations cannot. And since it is not always feasible in the Third World or in the far areas to assess regularly for water bacteriological and viral counts, and since coliforms have a limited virucidal and sporadically inductivity, we assume that the highest possible contamination level, and we use a resistant organism such as B. subtilis spores to    assess for vegetative bacteria and viruses in water. Spores that are not affected by sunlight, the disinfection of water a 67 x 10-4 N. NaOCL and exposure to sunlight, will assure the complete destruction of the spores. The free chlorine, know to be carcinogenic by initiating the formation of trihallomethanes, in addition to its bad odor and taste, will be completely inactivated within 45 minutes of exposure to sunlight. In this way water will be safe to drink under any circumstances where a nearby laboratory is not available for the bacteriological and the disinfection validity assessment.  REFERENCES  1. Lesser, M.A. Hypochlorits as sanitizers. Soap Saint Chem. 25, 119-125, 1949. Widenopf, S.J. Water chlorination. US Armed Forces Med j. 4. 253-261, 1953. Clarke, N.E. Stevenson R.E. and Kabler, P.W. The inactivity of purified type 3 adenoviruses in water by chlorine Am J. Hyg 64, 314-319, 1956. Friberg, L. Further quantificative studies on the reaction of chlorine with bacteria in water disinfection. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 38, 135-144, 1956. Knox, W.E. Stumpt, P.K. m Green D.E. and Anerbach, V.H. The inhibition of sulfhdryl enzymesas the basis of bactericidal action of chlorine. J Bacteriol 55, 451-458, 1948. Rudolph, A.S. and Levine, M. Factors affecting the germical efficiency of hypochlorite solutions. Eng Exp Sta Bull 50, 1941. Mercer, W.A. and Somers, I. Chlorine in ford sanitation. Advances in Ford sanitation. Advances in Ford Research 7 m 129-160, 1957. Weber, G.R. and Levine, M. Factors affecting germicidal efficiency of chlorine Am J Pub Health 32, 719-728, 1944. WHO publications. Guidelines for drinking water quality. P. 29, years 1985.  2.  3.  4.  5.  6.  7.  8.  9.  10. Gram, G.F. and Mc Caken, L.J. Review of the cause of waterborn disease outbreaks. J. Am Wk Ass 65, 74-84 m 1973. 11. Dennis, J.M. Infectious hepatitis epidemic in Delhi, India. J. Am WK Ass 51, 1288-1298, 1955. 12. Wong, D.C. Purcell, R.H., Screenvason, M.A. Prassas, S.R. and Pavrik M. Epidemic and endemic hepatits in India: evidence for a non-A non-B hepatitis virus epidemiologically. Lancet ii 876-879, 1980.    13. Berg, G. Dahling, D.R. Brown, G.A. and Berman, D. Validity of fecal coliforms. Total coliforms and fecal streptococci as indicators of viruses in chlorinated primary sewage effluents. App Env Microbiol 36, 880-884, 1978. 14. Katz, M. and Polkin, S.K. Minimal infective dose of attenuated polio virus for man. Am J Pub Health 57, 1837-1840, 1967. 15. Akin, E.W. A review of infective dose data for enteroviruses and other enteric microorganisms in human subject. Proceedings of an EPA Conference on Microbial Health Conderations of Domestic Water.1983. 16. Geldrich, E.E. an Kennedy, H. The cost of microbiological monitoring. National Science Foundation Seminar, Philadelphia m 12-14 Nov 1978. 17. Englebrecht, R.S. and Greening m E.D. Chlorine resistant indicators in: Indicators of Viruses in Water and Food, G. Berg (ed); Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, P. 243-265, 1978. 18. Garbon, W.D. Burger, J.S. and Nupen E.M. Evaluation of acid fast bacteria, Candida albicans enteric viruses and systems. Prog Wat Tech 12, 803-817, 1980. 19. Peterson, D.A., Hurley T.R. Hoff, J.C. and Wolfe L.J. Effect of chlorine treatment on infectivity of hepatitis A virus. App and Env Microbiol 223-227, 1983. 20. Committee report. Viruses in drinking water. J Am Water works Assos 71, 441-444, 1978. 21. Englebrecht, R.S. Weber, M.J. Salter B.L. and Schidt, C.A. Comparative inactivation of viruses by chlorine. App Env Microbio 40, 249-256, 1980. 22. Bisson, J.W. and Cabelli, V.D. Chlostridium perfrengis as a water pollution indicator. J. Wat Pollut ControlFed 52, 241-248, 1980. 23. Bravis. A.R. Lesie J.E. Kepler, P.W. and Woodward, R.L. The inactivation of Bacillus globigii and Bacillus anthrasis by free available chlorine. App Microbiol 6, 388-342, 1958. 24. American Association of Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 1990. p. 141-142.    ",68);arrFiles[20]=new Array(21,"publication/Health.pdf","2007-03-02","MODELS IN HEALTH TOURISM","","","MODELS IN HEALTH TOURISM By: Bassam E. Nakad (Deputy general manager Travel Scape 360)  The foundation principal of all alternative health therapies is that the human body has a natural predisposition to be balanced and totally healthy. In affect, our bodies have within themselves the power of self-healing. By assisting our bodies to overcome a particular dysregulation, the self-healing process can be facilated.  If you are suffering with a degenerative disease, chronic illness or general health imbalance... You can become well again!  The first step is to identify the root-cause of your ill-health. Alternative therapies promote natural healing in the body. But the complexity of the human body and the uniqueness of each person can make it difficult to isolate a particular dysregulation. This requires the intervention of a physician to discover your own unique health factors and metabolic imbalances, which affect your health. Alternative therapies are not just for detoxification, rejuvenation and restoration of good health... they are ideally for health maintenance, to prevent the occurrence of disease. To help restore and maintain optimal health 360 TravelScape, a travel agency owned by Platinum Resorts International has specialized in different holistic vacation packages that offer a variety of health treatments in different destinations around the world. I would like you to discover some of the health destinations around the world. Our first stop is the spectacular Monte-Carlo. It is no coincidence that Les Thermes Marins appeared in Monte-Carlo. Thousands of years before our time the Greeks and the Romans were aware of the beneficial therapeutic effects of the Mediterranean seawater. In the 19th century, test on the Mediterranean seawatyer revealed that it contained a much higher content of iodine and trace elements than that found in the ocean. The exceptional natural conditions of the surroundings contribute greatly the quality of the stay. Indeed, natural light therapy allows the body to restore its physical and chemical balance by stimulating the production of melatonin and vitamin D. in addition to this, the Mediterranean seawater, which is pumped 300 meters offshore at a depth of 37 meters, contains a unique concentration of negative ions.    These ions have fabulous purifiying and relaxing effects. Due to its rich composition and strong resemblance to blood plasma, the water of Les Thermes Marins greatly regenerates the body. Les Thermes Marins have distinguished themselves by their holistic approach to the therapies provided. There is no separate treatment of the physique, the physiology, and the mind since all three constitute part of greater whole. For this reason, relaxation, fitness, health, and beauty are all simultaneous aims pursued by each treatment program in order to establish the ideal equilibrum between the body and the mind. Les Thermes Marins offer an original and modern solution to help individuals whose lifestyles create stress and imbalance. This solution includes an entire range of manual and relaxation therapies. For example: Shiatsu is a Japanese therapy based on ancestral energetic medicine. It consists of a soothing massage using the fingertips, like acupuncture without needles, aimed at restoring the balance of vital energy, improving the blood circulation and offering relaxation by relieving tension as well as physical and emotional stress. Another energetic and revitalizing massage is Fasciatherapy, which is designed to reinforce our own self-healing potential by loosening up the fascias, the connective tissues that are omnipresent in the body. It is also intended to reactivate the life flows throughout the entire body. The primary meridians of the body channel our vital energy down to our feet are the true mirrors of our physical, physiological and mental state. By using the fingertips to press specific zones of the feet, reflexology helps to restore the balance of our body \'s essential functions. Yet another Harmonizing massage make use of essential oils to add a relaxing olfactory dimension to the invigorating effect of the massage. Les Thermes Marins de Monte-Carlo are experts in the field of relaxation therapies. In addition to the advantages offered by the climate natural settings. Les Thermes Marins de Monte-Carlo, aply their recognized expertise in the field of seawater therapies. With the lisure swimming pool, phlebology circuit and hydro massage booths with a view of the port, Les Thermes Marins have reserved an entire floor of the 6600 square meters complex for seawater therapies the treatments offered range from Dead Sea algae or essential oil baths to traditional marine aerosols. Included in these therapies, Les Thermes Marins de Monte-Carlo offer a four-handed effusion massage. This massage is given by two therapists combining the beneficial effects of af fine, warm sweater spray, essential oils, and a dynamic synchronized massage. As an intrinsic part of the holistic approach adopted by Les Thermes Marins de Monte-Carlo, beauty receives attentive and professional care. This institute truly shines with a quality team and exceptional setting that overlooks the sea. The Sea Peel is an exclusive method that combines carefully selected Dead Sea salts with a high concentration of active trace elements with personalized essential oils. More refined and docile, your skin will be prepared to receive the treatments indicated in your personal treatment plan.    Another stop along our way is a significant spa and tourist center in the city of Karlovi Vzari, Czech Republic. The Czech Republic has a great number of curative water and gas springs. These mineral and thermal springs, therapeutic muds and peats heva given rise to the founding and building of some 40 curative baths which together with the beauty of the Czech Republic created a great power in balneotherapy. Added to the traditional and experience is the intensive use of the most modern scientific knowledge and the use of modern methods of balneology and balneotherapy. The spa regime in Czech spas is flexible and thereby contributes to the pleasure of the treatment. Karlovy Vary is the best known destination which has reached world fame in spa care and therapeutical treatments. Along side the classical spa treatments, Karlovi Vary offers alternative methods of treatment, plastic surgery, corrective dermatology, and stomatology. Let us now travel further east to what is known as  God \'s own country  the city of Keralla, India. Keralla offers prime treatments in Ayuverda. It also offers beaches that are among the best in the world. Rejuvination therapy includes body massage with hand and foot by two therapists with medicated oil and cream, internal rejuvenative medicines and medicated steam bath. This therapy is to rejuvenate mind, body and soul, to tone up skin, to strengthen all systems so as to achieve ideal health and longevity. Body immunization / longevity treatment is the prime treatment in Ayurveda for reducing ageing process, arresting the degeneration of the body cells and immunization of the system. Ayurveda includes psoriasis treatment; slimming treatment; beauty treatment; spine and neck care; a special treatment to keep your spine and neck healthy and to cure the problems related with it; a process of medicated fumes applies to the ears for 5 to 100 minutes which helps to clean the ears and avoids ailments associated to the ear; the cleaning process of the eyes which gives the cooling effect, prevents eye diseases and strengthens the optic nerve; massages including whole body massage with herbal ail or herbal powder by hand and foot which is good for rejuvenating the body, to reduce mental tension, sexual weakness and to improve vitality. Alongside Auyrveda, Keralla also offers yoga and meditation therapy. And now, after this exciting tour around the world, the question we need to ask ourselves is why not Lebanon? Monte-Carlo prides itself for the Mediterranean seawater, the sun, and the climate, the Czech Republic prides itself for the culture and the beautiful architecture, and India presents mother nature at its bloom.    Lebanon can offer that and a lot more. It has always been considered as the Middle East center for medication and treatment. 360 TravelScape is getting ready to launch its  Spring Board Holistic Packages . We do have nearby destinations that offer health treatments, like the Four Seasons Hotel in Cyprus, and the Zara Spas in the Moven Pick, Jordan on the Dead Sea. The spring board program will offer tourists the chance to go to Cyprus for a few days for health treatment, then come to Lebanon for another few days for health treatment, then come to Lebanon for another few days for more health treatment. Or they could go to Jordan and come to Lebanon for the same purpose. And here I would like to quote the words of His Excellency Dr. Karam Karam in a previous meeting where Platinum International hosted the Czech Lebanon Friendship Week,  Our role is not to build borders between countries, our role should be to create bridges for tourism . I would like to state that we have also introduced a web bases site called: www.doctors4us.com which could give the possibility for a tourist to schedule an appointment before arrival. It \'s a first step for a brighter future in health tourism.    ",26);arrFiles[21]=new Array(22,"imgs-syn/application.pdf","2007-03-01","application","","","  ",383);